distributed reflector structure and diffraction grating structure in the solar cell

today, due to qualitative growth and scientific advances, energy, especially electricity is increasingly needed by human society. one of the almost endless and pure energy which have been paid attention over the years is the solar energy. solar cells directly convert solar energy into electrical energy and are one of the main blocks of photovoltaic systems. significant improvement has been made in the performance of solar cells since their introduction. improvement of parameters such as cell efficiency, solar spectrum absorption and manufacturing costs which are key parameters in the process of cell development. the crystalline type is commonly used to achieve a lower recombination and higher absorption coefficient, and other types of silicon that have high recombination and low absorption coefficient, leading to a sharp drop in cell efficiency are not used as much. different kinds of light trapping techniques and effective photons trapping using some fibered structures and various types of reflecting structures and light scattering, etc., have been proposed. in this paper, distributed bragg reflector structure and also diffraction grating structure are used. in both structures, determination of the optimum material and also geometric properties to achieve maximum improvement in efficiency have taken into consideration.